Predecessor - cereals, peas (no more than two years)
Agrofon - leveled plow moldboard, dump-free backgrounds with a straw content in the upper soil layer no more 1 t / ga. (minimal binding of soil nitrate nitrogen to organic residues). Weediness with thistles, etc.. perennial broad-leaved and cereal root weeds not higher than EPV by species. Use early autumn field treatments, weeds infested with glyphosates (RAP, Hurricane) 2l / ha at a working fluid flow rate of 200 l / ha, wide-coverage slot sprayer (Amazone, John Deere).
Presowing soil treatment - at the time of the onset of physical ripeness of the soil (2─3 decade of April) – early spring harrowing in one track with wide-grip ZPG harrows for even distribution of straw residues. Chilly backgrounds without straw covering - with Zig-Zag harrows in two tracks. In the presence of pea straw or dense grain straw (more 2 t / ga.) - peeling. Mouldboard and flat-cutting agrophones and with low soil density in the upper layer require additional packing. Re-harrowing before sowing ─ if necessary (the appearance of mass shoots of juvenile weeds and the absence of atmospheric precipitation at least 10 mm) weekly.
When seedlings of perennial root suckers and wild oats appear above the EPV, it is necessary to carry out treatment with glyphosate herbicide (RAP, Hurricane) 1‑1.5 l / ha at a working fluid flow rate of 100 l / ha, wide-coverage slot sprayer (Amazone, John Deere).
Presowing cultivation is carried out for disc seeders and if the field is clogged with a cultivator of the KPS-4 type (shallow cultivators) to the depth 4-6 cm. wet soil and early, to a depth of 10 cm. dry soil followed by harrowing in two tracks. Cultivation is carried out before the seed drill passes (flow organization) no more than 4 o'clock.
Seed preparation for sowing.
Seed dressing provides an increase in field germination for 15-20%
Recommended
| Maksim, K S (25 g / l) 1,5-2,0 l / t | Molibion, 100 g / t |
| Wincit, 2 l / t | |
| or TMTD, 2,5 l / t |
Timing, the rate and depth of sowing of peas. Peas in the Northern Trans-Urals ─ an early sowing crop (for grain in particular). Pea seedlings are frost-resistant up to minus 5-7 ° С. Sowing dates are recommended when a stable temperature transition occurs through 5 degrees ─ in early May. The most resistant to low temperatures varieties of sowing peas (napkin), they can be sown at the earliest possible sowing dates.
Sowing depth peas 4-6 cm. in the early stages in wet soil and 6-8 cm. in dry soil at a later date.
Seeding rate optimal ─ 1,2 (from 1 to 1,4) sowing units per hectare, which with normal germination is 2,5 – 3,5 c./ga. Sowing is carried out with seeders type DMC, Horch with row spacing 15 – 30 cm.
After sowing (if the soil is not waterlogged) immediate rolling ring-spur rollers of the 3KKSh-6 type.
Peas are exceptionally responsive to pre-emergence and post-emergence harrowing. Drive with light to medium tine harrows, bevel forward at low speed. If available, also use ZPG-24.
Pea fertilization system.
When sowing, nitrogen fertilizers are applied with a low supply of nitrogen to the soil up to 30 kg / ha d.v.. only for varieties resistant to lodging (determinant stem, whiskered leaf type). Phosphate fertilizers 40 – 60 kg d.v.. According to the agrochemical analysis of soils, the introduction of sulfur may have a good effect, molybdenum,. At low soil infestation with nodule bacteria, it is effective to introduce their live suspension (type Rhizotorphin).
Pea crop protection system.
Pea sprouts (from the cotyledon carrying phase to 3 real leaves) especially in warm and dry weather, they intensively damage cruciferous and related fleas, therefore the regional (deterrent) and continuous treatments with insecticidal preparations ─ an essential element of technology.
A set of insecticides is recommended in the List of pesticides and agrochemicals approved for use on the territory of the Russian Federation… The most common are "Bi58 new" in a dose 0,5-0,9 l / ga, “Karate Zeon” 0,1-0,2 l / ga.
In phase 3-5 leaves observe the development of the lesion nodular (rare and Californian) long-lived, insecticides from the above list. It should be noted, that there were cases of low efficacy of the drug "Bi58 new" due to the poor quality of spraying or the development of insect resistance to this class of drugs. In this case, it is advisable to use other classes of insecticides. (Fastak, Karate Zeon).
Against weed complex (both broadleaf and cereal) with their development, treatment with Pulsar is effective (0,75 ─ 1,0 l / ga) at a flow rate of the working fluid 200l / ha in the phase 3- 5 real leaves. This treatment can be combined with preventive treatments against diseases. (fungicides similar to "Alto super" "Rex duo") and pests (aphids and moths according to the list of recommended insecticides).
In the budding phase of pea flowering, aphids pose a threat (kinds), pea fruit eater, pea weevil (bruhus). Plant protection from these pests is carried out with the above recommended insecticides. After flowering, in the presence of conditions for the development of epiphytoties, they pose a threat to the disease rust, ascochitis and powdery mildew of peas. Apply fungicides, for example, Alto super.
Peas harvest
Before harvesting peas with high weeds (thinned and green when re-flowering) desiccation is advisable. Only for crumbling varieties are treated with polymers like "Aventrol" against cracking of beans.
Peas are harvested mainly by direct combining in the phase of full ripeness at 80% beans with moisture heap 16 – 18%. Combine drum turns not more than 600 ─ 650 per minute. I open the sieves to an angle close to full opening, achieving the lowest losses and crushing of peas by adjustments. Peas are peeled immediately, separating wet impurities. At the same time, they provide immediate drying of the heap up to 14% in grain heating mode up to 37ºC.
When harvesting, they provide chopping of straw and its uniform distribution over the soil surface.
Vegetation season 2020 of the year revealed the reaction of the Nordman variety on the farm of the Voronezh region. The farm sowed 20 tons of seeds of the Nordman variety, reproduction of PR3 in order to obtain SE.
As a result , from the square 73 ha was obtained 100 tons . Such a low figure is associated with mass 1000 grains equal 113-130 sity.
Sowing peas Nordman belongs to the series of small-seeded varieties, as well as Agrointel and Yamal. In modern pea breeding, this is an advanced direction because. the small seeds of peas are closely correlated with such indicators , as
1.)yield, those small seeded peas (weight of 1 thousand grains up to 200g), are generally more potentially productive , than large-seeded (weight of 1 thousand grains 240-270 g.)
2.) Physical seeding rate for small-seeded varieties (at normal weight 1000 beans 160-180g) usually around 2 centners / ha versus 4 centners / ha for large-seeded.
3.) Reproduction factor, respectively 5-7 – in large-seeded and over 10 in small-seeded.
4.) The grain is more evened also in small-seeded (lower percentage of waste.)
Receiving, overly, fine grain , regardless of the pea variety, no options. associated with the onset of unfavorable conditions during the growing season after flowering. Such factors may be - from weather conditions – moisture deficit, but this factor alone cannot influence the grain loading so strongly, this has not been observed in practice. Second factor, able to reduce weight 1000 grains - this is the presence of diseases, in the conditions of Western Siberia, it is primarily pea rust, which appeared in 2006-2007 years , as well as the presence of a complex of well-known diseases of peas. Pea cultivation experience shows, that in the conditions of Western Siberia such results are not uncommon and this is almost 100% cases the cause is pea disease. And even more often – drought + illness. And cases of yield are not uncommon 5-6 c / ha with weight 1000 grains 100 grams. And this does not depend on the variety of peas..
Sowing with such seeds is possible , no problem, but the seeds must be ,best conditioned, (there is no size limit in GOST) you should also pay special attention to the germination energy, if this indicator is good ( st. 90) then no problems, if 80 and below - it is necessary to adjust the seeding rate +10% and embedment depth no more 5-7 cm, Usually, the seeds of such a crop are very. High degree of disease infection. For their diagnosis, it is better to turn to professional phytopathologists, Rosselkhoztsentr is usually unable to carry out real research, and competently build seed protection. The very influence of the factor of excessive small-seededness of sown seeds on the varietal characteristics of the variety and productivity was not observed, i.e.. such seeds grow a normal normal crop, subject to technological requirements.